Modern Portfolio theory's impact on fiduciary investing
| How has modern portfolio theory made an impact on fiduciary investing? | ||||
Modern portfolio theory has led to important changes in fiduciary investing. So-called index or market funds -- portfolios that attempt to match rather than to beat the averages -- have become commonplace. Market funds are relatively passive; the fund buys and holds the market-matching portfolio, eschewing the research and trading costs of active management. Large pension funds commonly place a portion of their assets into such vehicles, while devoting the remainder to active management (the so-called "core/non-core" strategy). Total indexed assets of all tax-exempt U.S. institutional investors were reckoned in December 1993 at $457 billion. Sabine Schramm, "Indexing Shows Small Increase," Pensions & Investments, Feb. 7, 1994 at 2. The financial press reports constant efforts among investment professionals to discern optimal levels of active and passive management for large pension portfolios. Steve Hemmerick, "Some Hear the 'Death Rattle' of Indexing," Pensions & Investments, Jul. 26 1993 at 1; Joel Chernoff, "California May Slice Indexing," Pensions & Investments, Nov. 9, 1992 at 1. The Department of Labor has recognized the spread of modern portfolio theory. Specifically:
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